HUMALOG Quick insulin (see action) in vial 10 ml or cartridge 1.5 and 3 ml pen and pen pre-filled of 3 ml. Action
Insulin is a hormone derived from the pancreas and having a hypoglycemic action (decreasing the rate of sugar in the blood) used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (diabetes requiring insulin to be balanced) or insulinoprive. Insulin also has anabolic actions (encouraging development – synthesis – somewhat and the arrangement of the proteins of the organism).
In the past, insulin was obtained from the pancreas of animals (beef and pork) and then purified after this extraction. Currently, only insulins obtained by organic synthesis (which reproduce the same effects as human insulin) are used.
With regard to his administration, insulin cannot be made to the body by parenteral route i.e., subcutaneously or intravenously.
Duration of insulin action are grouped into three categories:
• Duration of short action for rapid use ranging from 4 to 6 hours
• Duration of intermediate action for intermediate insulins which is of the order of 12 h
• Duration of long action for slow insulins and ultra slow ranging from 24 to 36 hours.

Indications
• Diabetes mellitus (diabetes requiring insulin to be balanced)
• Diabetes of pregnancy
• Diabetes with complications of type (infringement of the retina) retinopathy of diabetic and evolutionary origin
• Diabetes usually non-insulin dependent, in period of imbalance or presence of external aggression as surgery among others
• Diabetic acidosis and coma acidocétosique. Diabetes is characterized by a lack or improper use of insulin in the blood, secondary to a deficit of production of this hormone by the pancreas. This disease begins brutally, and if it is not treated, lead to another disease called Ketoacidosis.
Ketoacidosis corresponds to an excessive rise of the acidity of the blood due to an accumulation of elements called ketone bodies. These ketone bodies are chemicals: acetone, bétaoxydobutyrique acid and diacetic acid. Ketoacidosis occurs when individuals remain a long period without feeding. It is also observed when there is important, protracted vomiting.

In the case of insulin dependent diabetes, ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the fact that glucose (sugar) doesn’t fit or poorly in the cells where it is needed. The cells will have to use other components such as fuel to operate. They are then moving to fatty acids, which are the basic elements of fat content in the blood, but whose degradation will lead to the formation of other chemical elements which will then accumulate in the blood: ketone bodies.

Ketoacidosis is secondary to an important insulinopénie, i.e. the decrease in the amount of insulin that has to do down the rate of sugar in the blood. This causes a rise in the rate of sugar in the urine, and the presence of sugar in the urine (glycosuria) causes osmotic diuresis (increased the amount of water in the urine) resulting in the same time a large amount of sodium (salt) from blood. This loss of water for the body is responsible for what is called an extracellular hyperosmolarity (increase in the concentration outside the cells that make up the body).
This draws water from the Interior of cells to the outside, head of a variable degree of dehydration of the cell and hypovolemia (decreased the amount of circulating blood) secondarily. At the same time, there is a significant loss of potassium also due to cellular catabolism (destruction of cells) and the fact that kidneys misses (flee) potassium (renal leakage).

Dosage
The dosage is adapted to each patient according to its pathology.
Outside emergency cases insulin therapy should be performed in hospital and at doses of 20 to 40 units a day in increments of two international units each day until disappearance of glycosuria (presence of sugar in the urine)

Contraindications
Allergy or hypersensitivity to protamine in some insulins.

Precautions in use
The diabetic, after his visit to the hospital in a service of diabetology and endocrinology, is informed and educated on how to take his meals in the correct distribution of dietary intake (diet controlled). On the other hand, he will learn to
• Use the gestures and the necessary amounts of insulin
• To control himself (self)
• Perform a blood glucose (capillary blood glucose: pricking is the finger)
• Use the new devices to obtain blood glucose without assaulting the body (the other wrist cuff)
• Control its glycosuria (presence of sugar in the urine)
• Control his acétonurie (presence of acetone in urine).
this to adjust doses of insulin as a result, but also in prevention of possible hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Adverse effects
Hypoglycemia: decrease the rate of sugar in the blood, likely to occur in case of overdose (injection of too much insulin) or in the presence of a lack of food intake containing primarily carbohydrates (sugar).
Symptoms of hypoglycemia are:
• The sensation of hunger
• Sweating
• Headache
• Visual disorders
• Earthquakes
• Fatigue
• Confusion

Precautions in use
The diabetic food must be balanced. It requires a distribution correct and adapted from dietary intake (food control).
Alcohol consumption is strongly deprecated, or even banned diabetes is balanced when considered the diabetic to a weight stable close to ideal weight and if on the other hand there is glycosuria or acétonurie or discomfort due to hypoglycemia.

Drug interactions
It is formally not recommended to combine insulin with of danazol and alcohol.
The following molecules:
• Chlorpromazine
• Salbutamol
• Corticosteroids
• Ritodrine
• Terbutaline
• Converting enzyme inhibitors
• The Salicylates (aspirin)
• Octreotide
• Β-blockers must give rise to some precautions in association with insulin.