Definition

See also port-wine stain, Kasabach-Merrit, PHACE(syndrome_de), Dandy Walker, Sturge Weber, filum terminal, interferon synonyms: angioréticulum, angioblastome, vascular Nevus. Tumor vascular red shiny embossed, affecting vessels, located at the level of the nervous system and back of the brain (posterior cerebral Fossa) specifically. There are also the forms located in the skin, under the skin or both (mixed) both. For some scientists, this variety of angioma is likely to evolve as a malignant tumor (cancer) and presents to an embryonic aspect. This vascular tumor is composed of blood vessels which are essentially the dilated capillaries (whose diameter is enlarged) and agglomerated, with a particular characteristic: the acceleration of the reproduction of endothelial cells (cells covering the inside of its vessels). This pathology is not birth but only in the first month of life, and then gradually increase the first year and stabilizes in a few months. At the age of 5 to 6 years approximately half of the forms located in the skin disappear without treatment. Later, about 7 to 8 years, 75% disappear and finally 10 years 90%. There are several types of Hemangioma at the level of the skin:

• · Subcutaneous Hemangioma is covered with a slightly tinted skin in blue and sometimes traveled by of fine Telangiectases (vessels of winding form), hot and sometimes pulsatile (with beat as the pulse). His appearance was delayed and this variety of Hemangioma stabilizes to 6 to 9 months.
• · The superficial Tuberosum Hemangioma of color bright red, protruding, resembling a very scalable, crushed Strawberry appears at birth and then more evolves from the fourth month.
• · The mixed Tuberosum Hemangioma is both superficial and deep, and all the locations are possible. Its volume is sometimes very important or even monstrous, sometimes invading the whole of the face. Its evolution can be different ways: ulceration (creation of a more or less superficial wound) spontaneous, obstruction when it is near a natural orifice, compression of an organ or neighbouring tissues. Sometimes, its evolution is malignant and intrusive especially around the lips and the level of the perineum (basin). His regression is sometimes spontaneous until the age of 7 years, nevertheless sequelae are possible, they are a function of its volume and the destruction of the tissue that created it.

Cutaneous hemangiomas are sometimes associated with malformation syndromes as in syndrome of PHACE involving cardiac malformations of aorta (largest artery of the body) of the sternum, Raphe (crisscross of symmetrical anatomical structures) at the level of the navel (umbilicus). The association of a skin Hemangioma may also be made with a Hemangioma of the parotid (salivary glands the more voluminous, located behind the rising branch of mandible – mandible – under the ear). Malformations associated with hemangiomas can also affect the larynx and the trachea. Malformation of the filum terminal (end of the spinal column, consisting of PIAL, lining “intimate” covering the spinal cord). This malformation is poor prognosis. The doppler echo is sometimes necessary, it allows the diagnosis lab determination of factors of growth of origin vascular, blood or urine has been proposed by some. Nevertheless, they are not specific but can monitor when the patient is under treatment, especially for the severe forms. Causes Treatment congenital, it is the subject of controversy. For some, it is not useful to treat except when the lesion sits near the œil, the œil or near an opening (anus, urethra) because the lesion may interfere with the function of these organs. The treatment involves prednisone (corticosteroid) must be lower in the case of regression of the tumor. In the absence of response, it is necessary to stop this treatment. Dressing covering use of interferons alpha 2 a 2 b when hemangiomas are resistant to cortisone embolization (creation of a filling of these vessels by a specific technique) especially in the case where there is a risk of cardiovascular complications. Evolution Very frequent spontaneous regression (80% of cases) the regression of hemangiomas regular medical monitoring is often total, nevertheless there is still a small brownish coloration of the skin associated with a scar or wrinkles. Complications are likely to occur after the treatment: ulceration after trauma or an increase in volume of tissue from a persistent Hemangioma of the central nervous system. Surgical treatment is likely to cause significant incisional sequelae.