Definition

The term arbovirus refers to a set of diseases caused by Arboviruses. The word arbovirus is derived from arbor which is short for arthropod-borne English: carried by biting insects and arthropods.

Classification

Currently there are the arbovirus of vertebrate animals and others (the anthropozoonoses) on both the vertebrate animals and men). Arboviruses are currently classified according to their structure in:

• Togaviridae.
• Arenaviridae. It is a kind of virus consists of a single-stranded RNA (single strand) that are separated, in 1970, the Group of Arboviruses. Each virus (specifically virion) of arenavirus contains granules that scientists compared to grains of sand. The size of the virion is approximately 150 nanometers. This kind of viruses includes virus Junin and Machupo (hemorrhagic fevers of Argentina and Bolivia), virusTacaribe, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus, virus Guanarito (hemorrhagic fevers of the Venezuela), the Lassa virus.
• Bunyaviridae. Bunyaviridæ viruses are viruses are isolated to Bunyanwera which is a city in Uganda. This family of viruses which was previously classified as Arboviruses includes four main groups of viruses: the bunyaviridæ, the phlebovirus, hantaviruses and the nairovirus. For the specialists these viruses have a single-stranded RNA of negative polarity and a helical symmetry. They consist of an envelope and measure about 100 nanometers. The encephalitis California and Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus are also part of the bunyaviridæ virus.
• Rhabdoviridae. The Rhabdoviridae term comes from rhabdos meaning line. It is a family of viruses, which like the two previous families, has single-stranded negative polarity, helical symmetry RNA, the content in one envelope in the shape of a shell and helical symmetry. The size of the Rhabdoviridae virus is about 180 x 75 nm.  The Rhabdoviridae family includes some virus whose of vesicular stomatitis (Vesiculovirus). Another kind of virus: the Lyssavirus includes virus of rabies among others.
• Reoviridae. Unlike previous ones, the viridae are viruses consist of a double-stranded RNA (double stranded) in a capsid of cubic shape and have 92 capsomeres. Approximately 80 nm in diameter, also known as Reovirides, these viruses include essentially the genera Reovirus, Coltivirus, Orbivirus, and Rotavirus. The term reovirus comes from the initials of respiratory entéritique orphan Reovirus. It is also called orthoreovirus, virus ECHO 10.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the virus responsible for the arbovirus. It is (non-exhaustive list):

• Fever.
• A joint condition with joint pain.
• Of rash (rash fleeting).
• Of Lymphadenopathy (presence of abnormally large and painful lymph nodes).